The 1979 Jefferson Nickel may seem unassuming at first glance, but for coin enthusiasts and collectors, it represents a fascinating chapter in American numismatics. This comprehensive guide delves deep into the world of 1979 nickels, exploring their historical significance, current market values, rare varieties, and the exciting errors that make them a favorite among collectors.
Historical Context and Production
The Nickel's Place in 1979 America
1979 was a year of significant change for American coinage. While the introduction of the Susan B. Anthony dollar captured public attention, the Jefferson Nickel continued its steady production, maintaining its role as a staple of everyday commerce.
Key facts about the 1979 Nickel:
- Composition: 75% copper, 25% nickel
- Weight: 5 grams
- Diameter: 21.21 mm
- Edge: Plain (no ridges)
- Designer: Felix Schlag (look for the initials FS on the obverse)
Mint Production Statistics
- Philadelphia Mint: 463,188,000 (no mint mark)
- Denver Mint: 325,867,672 (D mint mark)
- San Francisco Mint: Proof coins only, exact mintage not disclosed
1979 Nickel Value Charts
Regular Strike Nickels
| Mint | MS60 | MS63 | MS65 | MS66 | MS67 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philadelphia (No Mint Mark) | $1 | $3 | $15 | $85 | $500+ |
| Denver (D) | $1 | $3 | $12 | $42 | $350+ |
Full Steps Varieties
| Mint | MS63 FS | MS65 FS | MS66 FS | MS67 FS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philadelphia (No Mint Mark) | $15 | $275 | $950 | $3,000+ |
| Denver (D) | $10 | $22 | $135 | $8,250 |
Proof Nickels
| Type | PR67 | PR68 | PR69 | PR70 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Francisco (S) Type 2 Clear-S | $5 | $8 | $15 | $300 |
Note: Values are approximate and subject to market fluctuations. Always consult recent sales data for the most accurate pricing.
Grading the 1979 Nickel
Understanding coin grading is crucial for both collectors and investors. The Sheldon Scale, ranging from 1 (Poor) to 70 (Perfect Mint State), is the industry standard.
Key Grades for 1979 Nickels:
- MS60-MS63: Uncirculated with some bag marks or contact marks
- MS64-MS66: Choice uncirculated with fewer imperfections
- MS67 and above: Superb uncirculated, extremely rare for 1979 nickels
The "Full Steps" Designation
A premium "Full Steps" (FS) designation applies to high-grade coins where all six steps on Monticello are clearly visible. This feature can significantly increase a coin's value, sometimes by tenfold or more.
Notable 1979 Nickel Errors and Varieties
1. 1979-S Proof Nickel Filled-S Type 1
- Description: The "S" mint mark appears filled and blurry
- Value: PR70 DCAM worth approximately $80 in 2023
- Rarity: Uncommon, but sought after by variety collectors
2. Off-Center Strikes
- Description: Design is not centered on the planchet
- Value: Varies by percentage off-center; a 60% off-center MS66 sold for $62
- Collectibility: Highly desirable, especially for dramatic off-center errors
3. Double Struck Errors
- Description: Coin struck twice, often with rotation or off-center
- Value: An MS62 85% off-center double strike with flipover sold for about $95
- Rarity: Very rare, especially with significant displacement
4. Wrong Planchet Errors
- Description: Nickel struck on a penny planchet
- Value: Range from $158 to $424 depending on grade
- Significance: These errors offer a unique glimpse into the minting process
5. Defective Planchet Errors
- Description: Includes laminations, blow holes, or cracks
- Value: An AU58 blow hole error sold for $250
- Collectibility: Popular among error collectors for their unique appearance
6. Overstruck Errors
- Description: Nickel design struck over an existing penny
- Value: An MS65 RB example sold for $900
- Rarity: Extremely rare and highly prized by serious error collectors
Factors Affecting 1979 Nickel Value
- Mint Mark: Denver (D) and San Francisco (S) coins often command higher premiums
- Condition: Higher grades (MS65+) are significantly more valuable
- Full Steps: Presence of clear steps on Monticello greatly increases value
- Errors: Unique mint errors can be worth hundreds or thousands of dollars
- Proof vs. Business Strike: Proof coins from San Francisco generally carry higher values
- Toning: Natural, attractive toning can enhance value for some collectors
Advanced Collecting Strategies
1. Set Building
- Goal: Assemble a complete set of 1979 nickels including all mint marks and major varieties
- Challenge: Finding high-grade examples, especially with Full Steps
2. Error Hunting
- Technique: Carefully examine rolls or bags of uncirculated 1979 nickels
- Target: Look for off-center strikes, doubled dies, and other mint errors
3. Toned Coin Collection
- Focus: Seek out 1979 nickels with attractive, natural toning
- Value Add: Beautiful toning can significantly increase a coin's appeal and value
4. Proof Set Breaking
- Strategy: Purchase original 1979 proof sets and evaluate the nickel for high-grade potential
- Potential: Finding PR69 or PR70 specimens can yield significant returns
Conservation and Preservation
Proper handling and storage are crucial for maintaining the value of your 1979 nickels:
- Handle coins by their edges, never touching the surfaces
- Store in non-PVC flips, folders, or certified holders
- Avoid cleaning coins, as this can severely diminish their value
- Keep coins in a cool, dry environment to prevent environmental damage
Market Trends and Investment Potential
While common 1979 nickels remain at face value, certain specimens have shown impressive appreciation:
- Full Steps Examples: Have seen steady increases, especially in MS66 and above
- Major Errors: Continue to command strong premiums and collector interest
- Superb Gem Proofs: PR69 and PR70 coins have maintained stable, high values
Conclusion
The 1979 Jefferson Nickel, despite its initial appearance of commonality, offers a rich tapestry of collecting possibilities. From the thrill of discovering a rare error in pocket change to the satisfaction of completing a high-grade set, these coins provide both accessibility and challenge to numismatists of all levels.
As we've explored, the value of 1979 nickels can range from mere cents to thousands of dollars, depending on condition, variety, and the presence of errors. This wide spectrum makes them an ideal focus for both beginner collectors and seasoned numismatists looking to specialize.
Remember, the true value of coin collecting extends beyond monetary worth. It lies in the historical connections we forge, the meticulous skills we develop, and the community we build with fellow enthusiasts. Whether you're drawn to the precision of Full Steps varieties, the intrigue of mint errors, or the beauty of well-preserved proofs, the 1979 nickel offers a gateway to a fascinating aspect of American numismatic history.
As you embark on or continue your journey with 1979 nickels, may you find not just valuable coins, but also the joy of discovery and the satisfaction of preserving a small piece of history. Happy collecting!
