Coaxial connectors play a vital role in today‘s technology-driven world. From broadcast communications and antenna systems to CCTV security networks and automotive electronics, these specially designed connectors enable the secure transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals with minimal interference or loss.
In this expert guide, we‘ll provide an in-depth look at 7 major types of coaxial connectors widely used across industries. You‘ll learn about their design, key characteristics, typical applications, advantages and limitations. We‘ll also offer tips on selecting the right connector for your needs and provide quality product recommendations.
Let‘s get started!
What Are Coaxial Connectors and How Do They Work?
Coaxial connectors are electrical connectors used to link coaxial cables to equipment or other cables. They consist of:
- Center conductor contact: Transmits the signal
- Dielectric insulator: Separates and insulates center conductor from outer shield
- Outer conductor contact: Provides shielding and protects signal
- Body/housing: Holds connector together mechanically
Image Source: RF Cafe
The coaxial design provides two key benefits:
-
Shielding: The outer conductor shields the inner signal conductor from external interference. This allows high frequency signals to transmit clearly.
-
Impedance Matching: The dedicated ground provided by the shield ensures impedances match between source, cable and load. This minimizes signal reflection/loss.
Proper connector selection helps maintain these benefits for disturbance-free communication.
1. 7/16 DIN Connector
The 7/16 DIN connector is a medium-sized, round threaded coaxial connector able to operate up to 2.15GHz frequency.
Key Features:
- Threaded coupling interface for secure locking
- 50 ohm impedance to minimize mismatch losses
- Teflon dielectric allowing high frequency operation
- Rugged nickel-plated brass construction
Typical Applications:
- Two-way radio base station antennas
- VHF/UHF transmitting equipment
- Military comms equipment
The 7/16 DIN‘s resilient build quality and weatherproof design allow reliable usage in demanding environments like mobile radio networks and telecom infrastructure.
Advantages:
- Withstands vibration/moisture
- Minimal signal loss up to 2.15GHz
- Easy field installation
Limitations:
- Larger than BNC or SMA connectors
- Not suitable for microwaves above 2.7GHz
Our Top Pick: ANHAN 7/16 DIN Connector
2. BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) Connector
The BNC connector features quick twist-lock bayonet couplings allowing fast connecting/disconnecting.
Key Features:
- Sturdy bayonet interface for quick changes
- 50-75 ohm impedance range
- Frequency rating up to 4GHz
- Compact and lightweight
Typical Applications:
- CCTV/security camera systems
- Test instruments like oscilloscopes
- Analog/digital video transmission
BNC‘s simplicity and RF efficiency make them extensively used for video technology, instrumentation and data networking.
Advantages:
- Rapid attachment/removal
- Compact for tight spaces
- Cost-effective
Limitations:
- Not suitable over 4GHz
- Less rugged than 7/16 DIN
Our Top Pick: CESS 4-Pack BNC CCTV Adapters
3. TNC (Threaded Neill–Concelman) Connector
The TNC connector enhances the BNC design with threaded coupling for demanding applications.
Key Features:
- Similar to BNC but with threaded interface
- Frequency range up to 11GHz
- 50 ohm impedance matches most coax cables
- Extreme vibration/shock resistance
Typical Applications:
- Air traffic control radar systems
- Mobile phone base stations
- Microwave radio links
- GPS equipment
Rugged TNC connectors suit outdoor wireless infrastructure and radar networks requiring fail-safe links.
Advantages:
- Immune to extreme environments
- Low insertion loss up to 11GHz
- Locking thread prevents disconnection
Limitations:
- Slightly larger than BNC version
- Not convenient for rapid changes
Our Top Pick: onelinkmore 10-Pack TNC Crimp Connectors
4. SMB (Sub-Miniature Version B) Connector
The SMB connector has a snap-on coupling and reduced 50 ohm design for compact RF applications.
Key Features:
- Super quick push-pull connecting
- Up to 4GHz frequency rating
- Compact – about 1/3 size of SMA connector
- Corrosion resistant nickel-plated brass
Typical Applications:
- WiFi/bluetooth antennas
- Mobile devices like phones/tablets
- RF test equipment
SMB‘s size and ease-of-use suit them for size constrained electronics like handheld devices.
Advantages:
- Fast push-pull connection
- Extremely compact
- Low-cost
Limitations:
- Not the most rugged option
- Smaller conductor prone to damage
Our Top Pick: 4-Pack SMB to SMA RF Adapters
5. QMA (Quick-Lock Miniature Connector)
Similar to SMA connectors but with quick snap-on locking, QMA connectors suit frequently mated/unmated links.
Key Features:
- Fast snap-on and quick disconnect
- Compact threaded interface
- Up to 6GHz frequency rating
- Corrosion resistant nickel-plated brass
Typical Applications:
- Mobile phone antenna connections
- Wireless/WiFi routers
- Automotive electronics
QMA‘s size and reliability help minimize signal loss across critical communication hardware.
Advantages:
- Rapid, tool-less attachment
- Compact form factor
- Resilient against vibration/shock
Limitations:
- Not immune to weather elements
- Less common – adapters often needed
Our Top Pick: QMA Plug with Male Center Pin
6. MCX Connector
The MCX connector has a snap-on interface and is 30% smaller than SMB connectors.
Key Features:
- Super-miniature – about 1/3rd SMB size
- Easy snap-on/snap-off coupling
- 50ohm impedance matches mainstream coax
- Frequency rating up to 6GHz
Typical Applications:
- Miniature electronics like phones
- Portable GPS receivers
- RF modules and test gear
- Wearable tech devices
The MCX suits compact designs with its tiny footprint delivering secure RF links.
Advantages:
- Extremely small form factor
- Easy snap-on connection
- Low insertion loss to 6GHz
Limitations:
- Not suitable for rugged use
- Challenging interface for humans
- Less common – may need adapters
Our Top Pick: 4-pack SMA to MCX RF Adapters
7. RCA Connector
The RCA connector is a widely recognized audio/video connector used globally in consumer electronics.
Key Features:
- Simple male pin and female jack design
- Color coded connections (yellow/white/red)
- Low cost, globally available
- Non-threaded friction fit
Typical Applications:
- Home stereo systems
- TV, game consoles and DVD players
- Car audio equipment
RCA‘s consumer-friendly format makes them the standard analog A/V connector for domestic entertainment gear.
Advantages:
- Simple push-fit installation
- Low cost and globally available
- Wide compatibility across audio-video gear
Limitations:
- Unsecured friction-fit
- Limited RF performance above 1GHz
- Not designed for industrial uses
Our Top Pick: Conwork 8-Pack RCA Plug Screws
Choosing the Right Coaxial Connector: Selection Guidelines
When selecting a suitable coaxial connector, consider these key criteria:
1. Frequency Range
Match the connector‘s rated frequency range to your equipment – insufficient range causes loss/interference.
2. Power Handling
Ensure the connector can handle the system‘s voltage and power levels without overheating.
3. Impedance Matching
Mismatched impedance causes signal reflection/loss – match cable and equipment impedance.
4. Environmental Resistance
Assess conditions (weather, shock, vibration, etc) and select appropriately resilient connectors.
5. Ease of Installation
Quick assembly/disassembly may be necessary – evaluate available types based on access and skills.
6. Cost
Weigh up compatibility, performance and lifetime costs against budget when comparing options.
By carefully evaluating these criteria, you can determine connectors tailored to your application‘s requirements. Seek further guidance from manufacturers if unsure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What‘s the difference between coaxial connector types?
The main differences relate to physical design, frequency ratings, power handling capability and intended applications. Environmental sealing, connection methods (threaded/bayonet/snap-on), impedance and dimensional footprint also vary.
How are coaxial connectors installed?
Coaxial connectors attach onto prepared coaxial cables in a process called termination. This usually involves trimming cable layers, sliding on connector components and compressing the assembly using crimp or solder methods for a secure mechanical/electrical bond.
Can I connect coaxial connectors of different types?
You can adapt between certain coaxial connectors of different types using joining accessories like adapter cables. You need to ensure adapters match impedance and frequency ratings of equipment. However, some connectors may not be intercompatible.
What causes coaxial connectors to fail?
Typical failure modes include loosening of connections from vibration, corrosion from moisture ingress, physical damage to contacts, and melting of plastics from excess current. Using properly sized, rated connectors and maintaining sound termination practices helps maximize connector lifespan.
Final Thoughts
Coaxial connectors continue to provide secure, shielded transmission of RF signals across thousands of cutting-edge applications. Selecting the appropriate connector type prevents performance issues and costly downtimes.
Use this guide covering 7 major coaxial connectors as a reference during your next installation. Analyzing your equipment requirements and environmental conditions allows informed selection decisions. Seek additional guidance from manufacturers if needed.
With rising demand and evolving designs, these indispensable components will continue playing a key role in industries relying on interference-free wireless communication and connectivity.
